Try the 5 Whys. Two examples of the tool in action, and a template for you to experiment with. See the Miro board.

Here are some more insights into the tool and how to get going with it, via ISIXSIGMA.

And an interesting, related take on writing an effective problem statement.

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Read: Are you solving the right problem? A thought provoking long read at HBR.

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Join: GroupThink is a lively and participatory community for strategic thinkers and problem solvers. Lots of excellent free events and ideas shared online.

Read: An interesting piece on their site about reframing problems.